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Swamp buffaloes   (Bubalus carabanensis) from China, Southeast Asia, Philippines & Indonesia. has 48 chromosomes. Only one breed with various regional names. natural habitat in swamp areas.  Like to soak in water. Poor heat tolerance. hottest part of day spent in wallows; active grazing in  morning & evening hours. Gregarious, docile.   work animal in rice growing areas. also used for carts & sledges & has tremendous ability for draught. small udder. Milk yields very low; (max. 488 liters)  black or dark brown skin. white line beneath neck & throat. White from kneecaps down. Massive, broad, wide, sweptback, crescent-shape horns.  grow out laterally and horizontally in young & curve round in a semi-circle in older ones. well built; short body with pot belly, short & thin legs; short tail. long, droopy necked.  flat forehead, short face.  weight in small types is between 250-450 kg but in larger types 450-600 kg.  

Malaysian: found in western Malaysia. Used primarily as draft animal. usually dark grey;  occasionally white. crescent horns.

Anatolian:  found in northwestern Turkey. Also known as Turkish  or Anadolu. dairy & draft breed. usually dark gray to black color. often have white markings on head & tail. sickle or crescent shaped horns.

Thai: Various names - Kwai Tui or Kwai Jaam, Kwai Kam etc. horn  varies from short to long straight horns. noted for their large size, averaging 450-550 kg. weights of up to 1000 kg. have been observed.

Egyptian: kept as draft animal & for milk production. grey-black with short curved horns.  varieties include Baladi (lower Egypt) & Saidi in upper Egypt. males can be highly temperamental.

Australian : meat & breeding animals.  180 kg dressing weight. growth rates similar to those of Brahman cross cattle. Fertility generally excellent. substantial  meat export industry developed with exports primarily to Europe & Asia. 

Brazil - Carabao

Mediterraneo

Baio: mean birth weight 32.79 kg. mature female weight 514.31 kg, first calving interval 501.30 days, age at first calving ,088.03 days & calving interval 380.32 days. well adapted to harsh conditions & can be considered as an alternative for breeders.

River buffaloes native to Asian continent. 18 breeds found in India and Pakistan.  domestic. Bubalus bubalis L. spp. has 50 chromosomes. selected for improved milk production, but also good meat producers & can be used for work as well. tightly curled or drooping straight horns. hold heads high. usually black or dark gray . prefer to wallow in clean water.

Bhadhawari: lower milk producers but good draught animals with good adaptation to conditions in their local areas. milk contains 14 % fat ( over twice that of standard breeds )

Kundi: milk type. found in Dadu, Hyderabad, Karachi, Larkana, Nawabshah, Sanghar & Thatta districts in Sind Province, Pakistan.  color jet black. sometimes there is a white star on forehead & hooves may be white. average weight at maturity for male 450-600 kg & 320-375 kg for female. massive. small, spirally twisted horns hence the name "Kundi". udder well developed, large & strong. Milk yield 1,500-2,000 liters with 7 % butter fat. longevity of production 'good'. 

Murrah: home tract is Rohtak, Jind & Hissar & Gurgaon districts of Haryana (India). also found in Nabha & Patiala districts of Punjab (India) & around Delhi . also named ‘Delhi’. short, tightly curled horns. females have fine clean-cut head & neck whereas males have thick neck. short, straight & strong limbs with black hooves.   long tail with white switch. body color is jet black but a few brown or fawn grey animals also seen. Sound built, heavy wide frame. White markings on face & leg .  average body weight males, 550 Kg & females, 450-Kg. Age at fist calving : 3 years  Inter-calving period : 400 to 500 days.   good milk producer, considered the best milk breed. udder is well developed with squarely placed teats. Lactation period : 230-305 days.  Daily lactation in peak period : 14 -18 liter. 31.5 Kg milk production also recorded.  milk yield per lactation 1,500-1,800 liters with 7 % fat.  Dry period : About three months.  Gestation period : 310 days (average)

Nili-Ravi: milk type. found mainly in Lahore, Sheikhupura, Faisalabad, Sahiwal, Multan & Bahawal Nagar districts in Punjab Province. black color.   massive frame. average weight at maturity 600-800 kg for males & 450-525 kg for female. long, convex head.  small curly horns & wall eyes. often have white markings on forehead, face, muzzle & legs & white switch of tail (those with such markings highly desired & popularly called "Panj Kalian"). large, strong well developed udder. milk veins very prominent. production 1,800-2,000 liters in 250-300 days. generally docile. Average age at maturity is 30 months in males & 36 months in females. Longevity of production good.

Jaffarabadi: found mainly in Junagarh, Bhavnagar & Amreli districts of Saurashtra region of Gujarat.  good milk producers but poor breeders. heaviest milk of all Indian breeds. very typical horns.

Mehsana: centered around Mehsana from where it derives its name. also commonly found in Banaskantha, Sabarkantha, Gandhinagar & Ahmedabad districts, Gujarat & parts of Maharashtra States (India).  a cross between Murrah and Surti. jet black color. horns coiled (like Murrah) or sickle shaped (like Surti).  long body, higher limbs &  longer & heavier head.  reputed for regular breeding & persistent milking.  well developed udder.  teats fairly thick, long & pliable.  Milk production 1,300-1,800 liters in lactation of 300 days. body weight of males & females is 600 & 425 kg respectively. 

Pandharpuri: from Pandharpur in Solapur district. also Kolhapur & Sangl & Satara districts of Maharashtra state of India.  long, sword shaped, sometimes twisted horns, measuring 45-50 cm to 1-1.5 m  length. majority black with white markings found on forehead, legs & switch of tail. average body weight 450-470 kg. udder compact, trough shaped with cylindrical teats. head long, narrow. famous for its high reproductive ability, producing a calf every 12 months.  fairly good milkers;  yield 6-15 liters of milk per day.

Surti: found in Gujarat State of India. black color. brown also found.  tuft of tail white.  horns  medium length & sickle shaped.  very straight back. long, fairly broad head. eyes very prominent. neck long & thin in females but massive in males & there is no dewlap. udder well shaped. Milk production  1,500-1,750 litres with 8 % butter fat. female average weight 600 kg & male 700 kg.  thrives well on limited or no green fodder.

Lime: Nepal. believed to have originated from wild Arna (Bubalus arnii). light brown & relatively small in body size, with characteristic chevrons of gray or white hair below the jaws & around the brisket. small sickle shaped horns curved towards neck. gray coat color; gray  brown or blackish skin color, black muzzle; grayish, brownish or whitish eye brow &  leg markings.  Body weight=399.1 kg

Parkote: Nepal. black coat color. medium built-  Body weight of adult females 409.9 kg;  sword-shaped horns directed laterally or towards back of  body.  usually no leg markings.