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Differential
Diagnosis
- Cat Diseases |
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Abnormality in |
Suspected Diseases |
Clinical Signs |
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Anemia |
Anemia |
Pallor-weakness-wasting-susceptibility
to other conditions-fast pulse-typical
blood changes as seen in
smears-deficiency anemia of various types eg.cats
fed only on milk
develop iron deficiency anemia |
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Feline infectious
anemia |
Lack of
appetite-wasting-anemia-malaise-depression-pallid mucous membranes-
pallid
tongue-enlarged palpable spleen-recovery of Haemobartonella on blood smear |
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Leucaemia |
Wasting-anemia-depression-slow
death-excess leucocytes on smear examination and white cell counts |
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Worm infestation |
Recovery of worm
eggs on worm egg examination-recovery of worms on post-mortem examination-anemia-scouring-wasting-failure
to thrive or failure to develop |
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External parasites |
Severe external
parasitic infestation |
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Toxoplasmosis |
Anemia-dehydration-enlarged
liver, spleen-white areas 1-3mm in spleen-respiratory distress-recovery of
toxoplasms |
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Constipation |
Evidence of faeces
in intestinal tract-depression-failure to thrive-history of predisposing
cause such as pelvic injuries, rickets, osteodystrophy |
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Nephritis |
Common disease of
aged cats-urolithiasis or sabulous deposits-increased thirst-decreased
appetite-loss of weight-depression-vomiting-changes in urine on
testing-pain on palpation of kidney area-uraemic smell in breath-third
eyelid
across eye-eye dull and glazed-ulcerations in mouth and tongue |
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Convulsions (fits), Nervous
symptoms |
Hypocalcaemia
(Milk
fever, puerperal tetany) |
History of
kittening and/or large litter-nervousness-spasms-convulsions-inco-ordination-stiffness
of gait-sometimes vomiting-temperature raised, later lowered-dilated
pupils-dry cornea-dry mucous membranes-death if unrelieved |
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Feline
Encephalomyelitis |
Ataxia-swaying and
circling motions of the head-sometimes paralysis of hindquarters-falling
to one side or the other-twisting-demyelination in brain, medulla and
spinal cord |
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Tetanus |
Rare
condition-prostration-extensor contraction-tail drawn back over body-opisthotonos-lockjaw-extension
of third eyelid over eye |
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Poisonings |
Strychnine
poisoning, lead poisoning, dieldrin, D.D.T. poisoning, B.H.C.(or
hexachlorobenzene) poisoning, rodent poisons and, in fact, a very great
number of poisons which affect the nervous system may all produce
convulsions in cats-chemical analysis-suggestive history-characteristic
lesions of the particular poison |
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Uremia |
Evidence of
nephritis-vomiting-wasting-albumin in urine-general symptoms uremia |
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Tapeworm infestation |
Diarrhea-vomiting-nervous
symptoms-convulsions-sometimes loss of sight-tapeworm up to 60cm
bell-shaped segments |
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Cough,
Breathlessness |
Feline "Flu" |
Mucous discharge
from nose and eyes-photophobia-sneezing-coughing-sinusitis-pinkish-grey
consolidation of lungs-mucus exudates in respiratory tract-long course |
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Feline pneumonia |
Including feline
`flu and pneumonia from other causes-see Feline `Flu |
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Mycotic Pneumonia (Aspergillosis) |
Similar to feline
`flu |
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Feline Viral
Rhinotracheitis |
As for feline
'flu-paroxysms of sneezing-may be feline 'flu |
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Feline Bronchitis |
Similar to feline
'flu-persistent coughing |
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Gastritis |
Vomiting-wasting-pain
on palpation over gastric area |
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Tuberculosis |
Rare
condition-wasting-coughing-scouring-tubercular lesions on postmortem |
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Pulmonary Edema |
History of
funnel web
spider bite-cyanosis-death-other history, smoke, irritants, etc.-or
evidence of anaphylaxis or sensitization |
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Lungworm and Tracheal
worm |
Presence of
Aelurostrongylus abstrusus in the lung or Capillaria aerophila in the
trachea-coughing, emaciation-nasal discharge-dyspnoea, anemia, harsh coat |
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Toxoplasmosis |
Respiratory
distress-anemia-enlarged liver-consolidated lungs-recovery of toxoplasms |
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Jaundice |
Anemia |
See
text-pallor-weakness-wasting-susceptibility to other conditions-fast
pulse-typical blood changes as seen in smears |
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Leucaemia |
Wasting-anemia-depression-slow
death-excess leucocytes on smear examination and white cell counts |
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Toxoplasmosis |
Rare disease-fever-leucopenia-jaundice-cloudiness
of anterior chamber of eye with iritis-granulomatous lesions in intestine
and in various positions through the body-isolation of organism |
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Toxic Hepatitis |
Dullness,
depression-vomiting-diarrhea alternately with
constipation-jaundice-increased thirst sometimes convulsions-histological
confirmation liver tissue-history of toxins eaten or bacterial or viral
toxic action |
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Feline Infectious
Anemia |
Pasteurella
pseudo-tuberculosis-P.multocida-Salmonella typhimurium-all recorded in
Australia to produce jaundice |
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Bacterial infections |
High temperature, severe
depression, jaundice |
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Leptospirosis |
No temperature, high faecal worm
egg count, indigestion and abdominal pain, jaundice |
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Nose and
eye discharges |
Feline "Flu" |
Mucus discharge from
nose and eyes-photophobia-sneezing-coughing-sinusitis-pinkish-grey
consolidation of lungs-mucus exudates in respiratory tract-long course |
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Feline Pneumonia |
Including feline
'flu and pneumonia from other causes-see Feline 'Flu |
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Mycotic
Pneumonia-Feline (Aspergillosis) |
Similar
to feline
'flu |
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Feline Viral
Rhinotracheitis |
As for feline
'flu-paroxysms of sneezing-may be feline 'flu |
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Feline Bronchitis |
Similar to feline
'flu-persistent coughing |
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Diarrhea |
Enteritis (apart from
Panleucopaenia) |
Often associated
with
gastritis-vomiting-scouring-temperature-dehydration-weakness-pain-bacterial |
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Anemia |
See
text-pallor-weakness-wasting-susceptibility to other conditions-fast
pulse-typical blood changes as seen in smears |
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Worm infestation |
Recovery of worm
eggs on worm egg examination-anemia-scouring-wasting-failure to thrive or
failure to develop-hook worms and roundworms |
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Coccidiosis |
Scouring-sometimes
bloody-depression-failure to develop-occurrence in young cats-common |
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Toxoplasmosis |
Loss of
weight-fever-prostration-vomiting-scouring-abdominal tenderness-liver
enlargement-jaundice-sometimes pneumonia-choroidoretinitis-rare condition |
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Tuberculosis |
Rare
condition-wasting-coughing-scouring-tubercular lesions on postmortem |
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Salmonella infection |
Rare
condition-wasting-temperature-vomiting |
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Infectious Feline
Enteritis |
Diarrhea from two
to four days after first rise of temperature-watery, profuse, dark,
sometimes partly-digested blood-shreds of mucous membrane-some cases of
panleucopaenia do not produce diarrhea |
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Infectious Peritonitis |
Abdominal
enlargement-vomiting-jaundice-diarrhoea-anaemia-anorexia-depression-wasting
and dehydration. Disease is present in Australia since 1973 |
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Tapeworm infestation |
Diarrhea-vomiting-nervous
symptoms-convulsions-sometimes loss of sight-tapeworm up to 60cm
bell-shapes segments |
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Sudden
death |
Panleucopaenia
(Enteritis) |
Profound
depression-temperature 103-1050F-sometimes subnormal
temperature-cat leans over dish but unable to drink-may vomit,
greenish-yellow or frothy-pools of bile-stained mucus on floor-loud cries
due to spasms of pain in the gut-stomatitis-sloughing of epithelium of end
of tongue-tender in abdomen-sudden deaths-sometimes linger three or four
days-sharp drop in white cell count-inflammation of small intestine-hemorrhages
pseudo-membranes-haemorrhages in kidneys, spleen, liver-dehydrated
carcass-bone marrow greasy and gelatinous-acute cases, no postmortem
lesions |
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Accidents |
Fractures-trauma-hemorrhage-history
of violent death |
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Poisoning |
A great array of
poisons may cause sudden death with characteristic symptoms and lesions
depending upon the poison. See poisoning section |
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Snake bite |
Depression-shock-sometimes
nervous disturbance-sometimes local swelling and evidence of bite
(unusual)-prostration-collapse and death |
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Shooting |
Evidence of rifle
or gunshot wound which may not always be easily visible if from a pressure
air gun-common occurrence in caterwauling cats in town neighborhoods |
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Temperature |
Panleucopaenia
(Enteritis) |
Profound
depression-temperature 103-1050F-sometimes subnormal
temperature-cat leans over dish but unable to drink-may vomit,
greenish-yellow or frothy-pools of bite-stained mucus on floor-loud cries
due to spasms of pain in the gut-stomatitis-sloughing of epithelium of end
of tongue-tender in abdomen-sudden deaths-sometimes linger three or four
days-sharp drop in white cell count-inflammation of small intestine-hemorrhages
pseudo-membranes-hemorrhages in kidneys, spleen, liver-dehydrated
carcass-bone marrow greasy and gelatinous-acute cases, no postmortem
lesions |
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Enteritis (apart from
Panleucopaenia) |
Often associated
with gastritis-vomiting-scouring-temperature-dehydration-weakness-pain |
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Feline "Flu" |
Mucus discharge from
nose and eyes-photophobia-sneezing-coughing-sinusitis-pinkish-grey
consolidation of lungs-mucous exudates in respiratory tract-long course |
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Feline pneumonia |
Including feline
'flu-paroxysms of sneezing-by be feline 'flu |
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Mycotic
Pneumonia-Feline
(Aspergillosis) |
Similar to feline
'flu |
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Feline Viral
Rhinotracheitis |
As for feline
'flu-paroxysms of sneezing-be be feline 'flu |
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Feline Bronchitis |
Similar to feline
'flu-persistent coughing |
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Hypocalcaemia
(Milk
Fever, Puerperal Tetany) |
History of
kittening and/or large litter-nervousness-spasms-convulsions-inco-ordination-stiffness
of gait-sometimes vomiting-temperature raised, later lowered-dilated
pupils-dry cornea-dry mucous membranes-death if unrelieved |
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Feline Infectious
Anemia |
Lack of
appetite-wasting-anemia-malaise-depression-pallid mucous membranes-pallid
tongue-enlarged palpable spleen-recovery of Haemobartonella on blood smear |
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Leucaemia |
Wasting-anemia-depression-slow
death-excess leucocytes on smear examination and white cell counts |
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Ulcerative stomatitis |
Inflammation of
tongue-ulceration of tip and edges-drooling saliva from mouth-vomiting of
yellow mucoid material-severe pain-refusal to drink-ulceration on lips,
gum and pharynx-congestion of soft palate-painful throat on
palpation-response to nicotinic acid |
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Toxoplasmosis |
Rare disease-fever-leucopenia-jaundice-cloudiness
of anterior chamber of eye with iritis-granulomatous lesions in intestine
and in various positions through the body-isolation of organism |
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Salmonella
infections |
Rare
condition-scouring-wasting-temperature-vomiting |
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Tetanus |
Rare
condition-prostration-extensor contraction-tail drawn back over body-opisthotonus-lockjaw-extension
of third eyelid over eye |
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Feline Infectious
Peritonitis |
In
Australia(1973)-swollen abdomen-temperature sometimes-fibrinous
peritonitis-death-recovery of virus-vomiting |
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Toxoplasmosis |
Loss of
weight-scouring-temperature-vomiting-convulsions-jaundice-sometimes
pneumonia-chroidoretinitis-rare condition |
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Vomits |
Panleucopaenia
(Enteritis) |
Profound
depression-temperature 103-1050F-sometimes subnormal
temperature-cat leans over dish of fluid but unable to drink-may vomit,
greenish-yellow or frothy-pools of bile-stained mucus on floor-loud cries
due to spasms of pain in the gut-stomatitis-sloughing of epithelium of end
of tongue-tender in abdomen-sudden deaths-sometimes linger three or four
days-sharp drop in white cell count-inflammation of small intestine-hemorrhages
pseudo-membranes-hemorrhages in kidneys, spleen, liver-dehydrated
carcass-bone marrow greasy and gelatinous-acute cases, no postmortem
lesions |
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Enteritis (apart from
Panleucopaenia) |
Often associated
with gastritis-vomiting-scouring-temperature-dehydration-weakness-pain |
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Gastritis |
Vomiting-wasting-pain
on palpation over gastric area |
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Hypocalcaemia
(Milk
Fever, Peurperal Tetany) |
History of
kittening and/or large litter-nervousness-spasms-convulsions-inco-ordination-stiffness
of gait-sometimes vomiting-temperature raised, later lowered-dilated pupils
dry cornea-dry mucous membranes-death if unrelieved |
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Hairballs |
Wasting-depression-failure
to eat-history of long coat and evidence of hair balls on
palpation-vomiting-moving head from side to side |
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Tick paralysis |
Flaccid
paralysis-presence of engorged tick-vomiting rarer than in
dogs-depression-in appetence-paralysis respiratory muscles-death-changed
note in "miaow" |
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Nephritis |
Common disease of
aged cats-urolithiasis or sabulous deposits-increased thirst-decreased
appetite-loss of weight-depression-vomiting-changes in urine on
testing-pain on palpation of kidney area-uraemic smell in breath-third
eyelid across eye-eye dull and glazed-ulcerations in mouth and tongue |
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Salmonella infection
in cats |
Rare
condition-scouring-wasting-temperature-vomiting |
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Ulcerative Stomatitis |
Temperature-inflammation
of tongue-ulcers on tip and edges-drooling of saliva from mouth-vomiting-inappetence-malaise-vomitus
is yellow mucus-refusal to eat |
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Laryngitis |
Inflammatory
conditions of laryngeal mucosa will cause retching, gulping,
vomiting-altered voice |
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Poisonings |
All irritant
poisonings, of which there are many, may cause vomiting-suggestive
history-suggestive appearance of vomit-suggestive symptoms |
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Toxoplasmosis |
Rare disease-loss of
weight-breathlessness-prostration-vomiting-abdominal tenderness-liver
enlargement-jaundice-sometimes pneumonia-choroidoretinitis |
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Round worm infestation |
Kittens worst
affected-diarrhea-emaciation-vomiting-abdominal distension-presence of
worm eggs faeces-worms in intestine |
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Infectious Peritonitis |
Abdominal
enlargement-vomiting-jaundice-diarrhoea-anaemia-anorexia-depression-wasting
and dehydration-disease is present in Australia since 1973 |
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Tapeworm infestation |
Diarrhea-vomiting-nervous
symptoms-convulsions-sometimes loss of sight-tapeworm up to 60cm
bell-shaped segments |
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