Differential Diagnosis
- Cat Diseases
   
Abnormality in Suspected Diseases  Clinical Signs
       
Anemia Anemia

Pallor-weakness-wasting-susceptibility to other conditions-fast pulse-typical
blood changes as seen in smears-deficiency anemia of various types eg.cats
fed only on milk develop iron deficiency anemia

 

Feline infectious anemia

Lack of appetite-wasting-anemia-malaise-depression-pallid mucous membranes-
pallid tongue-enlarged palpable spleen-recovery of Haemobartonella on blood smear

Leucaemia

Wasting-anemia-depression-slow death-excess leucocytes on smear examination and white cell counts

    Worm infestation Recovery of worm eggs on worm egg examination-recovery of worms on post-mortem examination-anemia-scouring-wasting-failure to thrive or failure to develop
    External parasites Severe external parasitic infestation
    Toxoplasmosis Anemia-dehydration-enlarged liver, spleen-white areas 1-3mm in spleen-respiratory distress-recovery of toxoplasms
    Constipation Evidence of faeces in intestinal tract-depression-failure to thrive-history of predisposing cause such as pelvic injuries, rickets, osteodystrophy
    Nephritis 

Common disease of aged cats-urolithiasis or sabulous deposits-increased thirst-decreased appetite-loss of weight-depression-vomiting-changes in urine on testing-pain on palpation of kidney area-uraemic smell in breath-third eyelid across eye-eye dull and glazed-ulcerations in mouth and tongue

 

Convulsions (fits), Nervous symptoms

Hypocalcaemia
(Milk fever, puerperal tetany)

History of kittening and/or large litter-nervousness-spasms-convulsions-inco-ordination-stiffness of gait-sometimes vomiting-temperature raised, later lowered-dilated
pupils-dry cornea-dry mucous membranes-death if unrelieved

   

Feline Encephalomyelitis

Ataxia-swaying and circling motions of the head-sometimes paralysis of hindquarters-falling to one side or the other-twisting-demyelination in brain, medulla and spinal cord

    Tetanus

Rare condition-prostration-extensor contraction-tail drawn back over body-opisthotonos-lockjaw-extension of third eyelid over eye

    Poisonings Strychnine poisoning, lead poisoning, dieldrin, D.D.T. poisoning, B.H.C.(or hexachlorobenzene) poisoning, rodent poisons and, in fact, a very great number of poisons which affect the nervous system may all produce convulsions in cats-chemical analysis-suggestive history-characteristic lesions of the particular poison
    Uremia Evidence of nephritis-vomiting-wasting-albumin in urine-general symptoms uremia
    Tapeworm infestation Diarrhea-vomiting-nervous symptoms-convulsions-sometimes loss of sight-tapeworm up to 60cm bell-shaped segments
  Cough, Breathlessness Feline "Flu"

Mucous discharge from nose and eyes-photophobia-sneezing-coughing-sinusitis-pinkish-grey consolidation of lungs-mucus exudates in respiratory tract-long course

   

Feline pneumonia

Including feline `flu and pneumonia from other causes-see Feline `Flu

   

Mycotic Pneumonia (Aspergillosis)

Similar to feline `flu

   

Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis

As for feline 'flu-paroxysms of sneezing-may be feline 'flu

   

Feline Bronchitis

Similar to feline 'flu-persistent coughing

   

Gastritis

Vomiting-wasting-pain on palpation over gastric area

    Tuberculosis

Rare condition-wasting-coughing-scouring-tubercular lesions on postmortem

    Pulmonary Edema

History of funnel web spider bite-cyanosis-death-other history, smoke, irritants, etc.-or evidence of anaphylaxis or sensitization

   

Lungworm and Tracheal worm

Presence of Aelurostrongylus abstrusus in the lung or Capillaria aerophila in the trachea-coughing, emaciation-nasal discharge-dyspnoea, anemia, harsh coat

    Toxoplasmosis

Respiratory distress-anemia-enlarged liver-consolidated lungs-recovery of toxoplasms

  Jaundice Anemia

See text-pallor-weakness-wasting-susceptibility to other conditions-fast pulse-typical blood changes as seen in smears

    Leucaemia

Wasting-anemia-depression-slow death-excess leucocytes on smear examination and white cell counts

    Toxoplasmosis Rare disease-fever-leucopenia-jaundice-cloudiness of anterior chamber of eye with iritis-granulomatous lesions in intestine and in various positions through the body-isolation of organism
    Toxic Hepatitis Dullness, depression-vomiting-diarrhea alternately with constipation-jaundice-increased thirst sometimes convulsions-histological confirmation liver tissue-history of toxins eaten or bacterial or viral toxic action
   

Feline Infectious Anemia

Pasteurella pseudo-tuberculosis-P.multocida-Salmonella typhimurium-all recorded in Australia to produce jaundice
    Bacterial infections High temperature, severe depression, jaundice
    Leptospirosis

No temperature, high faecal worm egg count, indigestion and abdominal pain, jaundice

  Nose and eye discharges Feline "Flu"

Mucus discharge from nose and eyes-photophobia-sneezing-coughing-sinusitis-pinkish-grey consolidation of lungs-mucus exudates in respiratory tract-long course

    Feline Pneumonia

Including feline 'flu and pneumonia from other causes-see Feline 'Flu

    Mycotic Pneumonia-Feline (Aspergillosis)

Similar to feline 'flu

Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis

As for feline 'flu-paroxysms of sneezing-may be feline 'flu

    Feline Bronchitis Similar to feline 'flu-persistent coughing
 

Diarrhea

Enteritis (apart from Panleucopaenia)

Often associated with gastritis-vomiting-scouring-temperature-dehydration-weakness-pain-bacterial

   

Anemia

See text-pallor-weakness-wasting-susceptibility to other conditions-fast pulse-typical blood changes as seen in smears

    Worm infestation

Recovery of worm eggs on worm egg examination-anemia-scouring-wasting-failure to thrive or failure to develop-hook worms and roundworms

    Coccidiosis

Scouring-sometimes bloody-depression-failure to develop-occurrence in young cats-common

    Toxoplasmosis

Loss of weight-fever-prostration-vomiting-scouring-abdominal tenderness-liver enlargement-jaundice-sometimes pneumonia-choroidoretinitis-rare condition

    Tuberculosis

Rare condition-wasting-coughing-scouring-tubercular lesions on postmortem

    Salmonella infection Rare condition-wasting-temperature-vomiting
    Infectious Feline Enteritis

Diarrhea from two to four days after first rise of temperature-watery, profuse, dark, sometimes partly-digested blood-shreds of mucous membrane-some cases of panleucopaenia do not produce diarrhea

    Infectious Peritonitis

Abdominal enlargement-vomiting-jaundice-diarrhoea-anaemia-anorexia-depression-wasting and dehydration. Disease is present in Australia since 1973

    Tapeworm infestation

Diarrhea-vomiting-nervous symptoms-convulsions-sometimes loss of sight-tapeworm up to 60cm bell-shapes segments

  Sudden death Panleucopaenia (Enteritis)

Profound depression-temperature 103-1050F-sometimes subnormal temperature-cat leans over dish but unable to drink-may vomit, greenish-yellow or frothy-pools of bile-stained mucus on floor-loud cries due to spasms of pain in the gut-stomatitis-sloughing of epithelium of end of tongue-tender in abdomen-sudden deaths-sometimes linger three or four days-sharp drop in white cell count-inflammation of small intestine-hemorrhages pseudo-membranes-haemorrhages in kidneys, spleen, liver-dehydrated carcass-bone marrow greasy and gelatinous-acute cases, no postmortem lesions

    Accidents Fractures-trauma-hemorrhage-history of violent death
   

Poisoning

A great array of poisons may cause sudden death with characteristic symptoms and lesions depending upon the poison. See poisoning section

    Snake bite

Depression-shock-sometimes nervous disturbance-sometimes local swelling and evidence of bite (unusual)-prostration-collapse and death

    Shooting

Evidence of rifle or gunshot wound which may not always be easily visible if from a pressure air gun-common occurrence in caterwauling cats in town neighborhoods

  Temperature Panleucopaenia (Enteritis)

Profound depression-temperature 103-1050F-sometimes subnormal temperature-cat leans over dish but unable to drink-may vomit, greenish-yellow or frothy-pools of bite-stained mucus on floor-loud cries due to spasms of pain in the gut-stomatitis-sloughing of epithelium of end of tongue-tender in abdomen-sudden deaths-sometimes linger three or four days-sharp drop in white cell count-inflammation of small intestine-hemorrhages pseudo-membranes-hemorrhages in kidneys, spleen, liver-dehydrated carcass-bone marrow greasy and gelatinous-acute cases, no postmortem lesions

Enteritis (apart from Panleucopaenia)

Often associated with gastritis-vomiting-scouring-temperature-dehydration-weakness-pain
   

Feline "Flu"

Mucus discharge from nose and eyes-photophobia-sneezing-coughing-sinusitis-pinkish-grey consolidation of lungs-mucous exudates in respiratory tract-long course

   

Feline pneumonia

Including feline 'flu-paroxysms of sneezing-by be feline 'flu

   

Mycotic Pneumonia-Feline (Aspergillosis)

Similar to feline 'flu
   

Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis

As for feline 'flu-paroxysms of sneezing-be be feline 'flu
    Feline Bronchitis Similar to feline 'flu-persistent coughing
   

Hypocalcaemia
(Milk Fever, Puerperal Tetany)

History of kittening and/or large litter-nervousness-spasms-convulsions-inco-ordination-stiffness of gait-sometimes vomiting-temperature raised, later lowered-dilated pupils-dry cornea-dry mucous membranes-death if unrelieved
    Feline Infectious Anemia Lack of appetite-wasting-anemia-malaise-depression-pallid mucous membranes-pallid tongue-enlarged palpable spleen-recovery of Haemobartonella on blood smear
    Leucaemia

Wasting-anemia-depression-slow death-excess leucocytes on smear examination and white cell counts

    Ulcerative stomatitis

Inflammation of tongue-ulceration of tip and edges-drooling saliva from mouth-vomiting of yellow mucoid material-severe pain-refusal to drink-ulceration on lips, gum and pharynx-congestion of soft palate-painful throat on palpation-response to nicotinic acid

    Toxoplasmosis

Rare disease-fever-leucopenia-jaundice-cloudiness of anterior chamber of eye with iritis-granulomatous lesions in intestine and in various positions through the body-isolation of organism

   

Salmonella infections

Rare condition-scouring-wasting-temperature-vomiting
    Tetanus

Rare condition-prostration-extensor contraction-tail drawn back over body-opisthotonus-lockjaw-extension of third eyelid over eye

   

Feline Infectious Peritonitis

In Australia(1973)-swollen abdomen-temperature sometimes-fibrinous peritonitis-death-recovery of virus-vomiting
    Toxoplasmosis Loss of weight-scouring-temperature-vomiting-convulsions-jaundice-sometimes pneumonia-chroidoretinitis-rare condition
  Vomits Panleucopaenia (Enteritis)

Profound depression-temperature 103-1050F-sometimes subnormal temperature-cat leans over dish of fluid but unable to drink-may vomit, greenish-yellow or frothy-pools of bile-stained mucus on floor-loud cries due to spasms of pain in the gut-stomatitis-sloughing of epithelium of end of tongue-tender in abdomen-sudden deaths-sometimes linger three or four days-sharp drop in white cell count-inflammation of small intestine-hemorrhages pseudo-membranes-hemorrhages in kidneys, spleen, liver-dehydrated carcass-bone marrow greasy and gelatinous-acute cases, no postmortem lesions

   

Enteritis (apart from Panleucopaenia)

Often associated with gastritis-vomiting-scouring-temperature-dehydration-weakness-pain

    Gastritis Vomiting-wasting-pain on palpation over gastric area
   

Hypocalcaemia
(Milk Fever, Peurperal Tetany)

History of kittening and/or large litter-nervousness-spasms-convulsions-inco-ordination-stiffness of gait-sometimes vomiting-temperature raised, later lowered-dilated pupils dry cornea-dry mucous membranes-death if unrelieved

    Hairballs

Wasting-depression-failure to eat-history of long coat and evidence of hair balls on palpation-vomiting-moving head from side to side

    Tick paralysis

Flaccid paralysis-presence of engorged tick-vomiting rarer than in dogs-depression-in appetence-paralysis respiratory muscles-death-changed note in "miaow"

    Nephritis

Common disease of aged cats-urolithiasis or sabulous deposits-increased thirst-decreased appetite-loss of weight-depression-vomiting-changes in urine on testing-pain on palpation of kidney area-uraemic smell in breath-third eyelid across eye-eye dull and glazed-ulcerations in mouth and tongue

   

Salmonella infection in cats

Rare condition-scouring-wasting-temperature-vomiting
    Ulcerative Stomatitis

Temperature-inflammation of tongue-ulcers on tip and edges-drooling of saliva from mouth-vomiting-inappetence-malaise-vomitus is yellow mucus-refusal to eat

    Laryngitis

Inflammatory conditions of laryngeal mucosa will cause retching, gulping, vomiting-altered voice

    Poisonings

All irritant poisonings, of which there are many, may cause vomiting-suggestive history-suggestive appearance of vomit-suggestive symptoms

    Toxoplasmosis

Rare disease-loss of weight-breathlessness-prostration-vomiting-abdominal tenderness-liver enlargement-jaundice-sometimes pneumonia-choroidoretinitis

    Round worm infestation

Kittens worst affected-diarrhea-emaciation-vomiting-abdominal distension-presence of worm eggs faeces-worms in intestine

    Infectious Peritonitis

Abdominal enlargement-vomiting-jaundice-diarrhoea-anaemia-anorexia-depression-wasting and dehydration-disease is present in Australia since 1973

   

Tapeworm infestation

Diarrhea-vomiting-nervous symptoms-convulsions-sometimes loss of sight-tapeworm up to 60cm bell-shaped segments